Despite the remarkable progress of image captioning, existing captioners typically lack the controllable capability to generate desired image captions, e.g., describing the image in a rough or detailed manner, in a factual or emotional view, etc. In this paper, we show that a unified model is qualified to perform well in diverse domains and freely switch among multiple styles. Such a controllable capability is achieved by embedding the prompt learning into the image captioning framework. To be specific, we design a set of prompts to fine-tune the pre-trained image captioner. These prompts allow the model to absorb stylized data from different domains for joint training, without performance degradation in each domain. Furthermore, we optimize the prompts with learnable vectors in the continuous word embedding space, avoiding the heuristic prompt engineering and meanwhile exhibiting superior performance. In the inference stage, our model is able to generate desired stylized captions by choosing the corresponding prompts. Extensive experiments verify the controllable capability of the proposed method. Notably, we achieve outstanding performance on two diverse image captioning benchmarks including COCO Karpathy split and TextCaps using a unified model.

Motivation: Enhancers are important cis-regulatory elements that regulate a wide range of biological functions and enhance the transcription of target genes. Although many state-of-the-art computational methods have been proposed in order to efficiently identify enhancers, learning globally contextual features is still one of the challenges for computational methods. Regarding the similarities between biological sequences and natural language sentences, the novel BERT-based language techniques have been applied to extracting complex contextual features in various computational biology tasks such as protein function/structure prediction. To speed up the research on enhancer identification, it is urgent to construct a BERT-based enhancer language model. Results: In this paper, we propose a multi-scale enhancer identification method (iEnhancer-ELM) based on enhancer language models, which treat enhancer sequences as natural language sentences that are composed of k-mer nucleotides. iEnhancer-ELM can extract contextual information of multi-scale k-mers with positions from raw enhancer sequences. Benefiting from the complementary information of k-mers in multi-scale, we ensemble four iEnhancer-ELM models for improving enhancer identification. The benchmark comparisons show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods. By the interpretable attention mechanism, we finds 30 biological patterns, where 40% (12/30) are verified by a widely used motif tool (STREME) and a popular dataset (JASPAR), demonstrating our model has a potential ability to reveal the biological mechanism of enhancer. Availability: The source code are available at https://github.com/chen-bioinfo/iEnhancer-ELM Contact: junjiechen@hit.edu.cn and junjie.chen.hit@gmail.com; Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

A diffusion model learns to predict a vector field of gradients. We propose to apply chain rule on the learned gradients, and back-propagate the score of a diffusion model through the Jacobian of a differentiable renderer, which we instantiate to be a voxel radiance field. This setup aggregates 2D scores at multiple camera viewpoints into a 3D score, and repurposes a pretrained 2D model for 3D data generation. We identify a technical challenge of distribution mismatch that arises in this application, and propose a novel estimation mechanism to resolve it. We run our algorithm on several off-the-shelf diffusion image generative models, including the recently released Stable Diffusion trained on the large-scale LAION dataset.

Image super-resolution is a common task on mobile and IoT devices, where one often needs to upscale and enhance low-resolution images and video frames. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem in the past, they are usually not compatible with low-power mobile NPUs having many computational and memory constraints. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an efficient quantized image super-resolution solution that can demonstrate a real-time performance on mobile NPUs. The participants were provided with the DIV2K dataset and trained INT8 models to do a high-quality 3X image upscaling. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the Synaptics VS680 Smart Home board with a dedicated edge NPU capable of accelerating quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 60 FPS rate when reconstructing Full HD resolution images. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

High order structures (cavities and cliques) of the gene network of influenza A virus reveal tight associations among viruses during evolution and are key signals that indicate viral cross-species infection and cause pandemics. As indicators for sensing the dynamic changes of viral genes, these higher order structures have been the focus of attention in the field of virology. However, the size of the viral gene network is usually huge, and searching these structures in the networks introduces unacceptable delay. To mitigate this issue, in this paper, we propose a simple-yet-effective model named HyperSearch based on deep learning to search cavities in a computable complex network for influenza virus genetics. Extensive experiments conducted on a public influenza virus dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of HyperSearch over other advanced deep-learning methods without any elaborated model crafting. Moreover, HyperSearch can finish the search works in minutes while 0-1 programming takes days. Since the proposed method is simple and easy to be transferred to other complex networks, HyperSearch has the potential to facilitate the monitoring of dynamic changes in viral genes and help humans keep up with the pace of virus mutations.

Dynamic interaction graphs have been widely adopted to model the evolution of user-item interactions over time. There are two crucial factors when modelling user preferences for link prediction in dynamic interaction graphs: 1) collaborative relationship among users and 2) user personalized interaction patterns. Existing methods often implicitly consider these two factors together, which may lead to noisy user modelling when the two factors diverge. In addition, they usually require time-consuming parameter learning with back-propagation, which is prohibitive for real-time user preference modelling. To this end, this paper proposes FreeGEM, a parameter-free dynamic graph embedding method for link prediction. Firstly, to take advantage of the collaborative relationships, we propose an incremental graph embedding engine to obtain user/item embeddings, which is an Online-Monitor-Offline architecture consisting of an Online module to approximately embed users/items over time, a Monitor module to estimate the approximation error in real time and an Offline module to calibrate the user/item embeddings when the online approximation errors exceed a threshold. Meanwhile, we integrate attribute information into the model, which enables FreeGEM to better model users belonging to some under represented groups. Secondly, we design a personalized dynamic interaction pattern modeller, which combines dynamic time decay with attention mechanism to model user short-term interests. Experimental results on two link prediction tasks show that FreeGEM can outperform the state-of-the-art methods in accuracy while achieving over 36X improvement in efficiency. All code and datasets can be found in https://github.com/FudanCISL/FreeGEM.

古本（Guzheng）是一种具有多种演奏技巧的传统中国乐器。乐器演奏技术（IPT）在音乐表演中起着重要作用。但是，大多数现有的IPT检测作品显示出可变长度音频的效率低下，并且在概括方面没有保证，因为它们依靠单个声音库进行训练和测试。在这项研究中，我们建议使用可应用于可变长度音频的完全卷积网络提出了一个端到端的古兴游戏检测系统。由于每种古季的演奏技术都应用于音符，因此对专用的发作探测器进行了训练，可以将音频分为几个音符，并将其预测与框架IPT的预测融合在一起。在融合过程中，我们在每个音符内部添加IPT预测框架，并在每个音符中获得最高概率的IPT作为该注释的最终输出。我们创建了一个来自多个声音银行的名为GZ_ISOTECH的新数据集，并创建了Guzheng性能分析的现实世界录制。我们的方法在框架级准确性和80.76％的笔记级F1得分方面达到了87.97％，超过了现有的作品，这表明我们提出的方法在IPT检测中的有效性。

准确可靠的传感器校准对于在自主驾驶中融合激光雷达和惯性测量至关重要。本文提出了一种新型的3D-LIDAR和姿势传感器的新型三阶段外部校准方法，用于自主驾驶。第一阶段可以通过点云表面特征快速校准传感器之间的外部参数，以便可以将外部参数从大的初始误差范围缩小到很小的时间范围。第二阶段可以基于激光映射空间占用率进一步校准外部参数，同时消除运动失真。在最后阶段，校正了由自动驾驶汽车的平面运动引起的Z轴误差，并最终获得了精确的外部参数。具体而言，该方法利用了道路场景的自然特征，使其独立且易于在大规模条件下应用。现实世界数据集的实验结果证明了我们方法的可靠性和准确性。这些代码是在GitHub网站上开源的。据我们所知，这是第一个专门为自动驾驶设计的开源代码，用于校准激光雷达和姿势传感器外部参数。代码链接是https://github.com/opencalib/lidar2ins。

当使用星座协同作用来对较大的区域进行侦察成像时，需要以最少的观察资源消耗来达到覆盖能力要求，以获得最佳的星座观测方案。本文以最少数量的卫星数量作为优化目标满足实时地面覆盖要求，提出了对卫星星座配置的优化设计，以通过使用改进的模拟退火算法结合实际覆盖大型区域成像。 - 六边形离散化的时间覆盖评估方法。该算法可以适应实验条件，具有良好的效率，并且可以满足工业准确性要求。在模拟应用中测试了算法的有效性和适应性。

社会建议利用社会关系来增强建议的代表性学习。大多数社会推荐模型都将用户互动（协作领域）和社会关系（社会领域）的用户表示统一。但是，这种方法可能无法模拟用户在两个域中的异质行为模式，从而损害了用户表示的表现力。在这项工作中，为了解决这种局限性，我们为社会建议提出了一个新颖的截面对比度学习框架DCREC。更具体地说，我们建议从项目和社会域中学习分开的用户表示。此外，分离的对比度学习旨在在分散的用户表示之间进行社交建议之间的知识转移。各种现实世界数据集的全面实验证明了我们提出的模型的优势。